Review yesterday:
What is the implied racism?
What is Dubois’s “Salary of Whiteness”?
What is McIntosho’s “white privilege”?
In the last lesson, we learned about how racism indirectly affects people through institutions, allowing for dynamics such as the accumulation of wealth and the separation of housing and schools. However, implicit racism can manifest itself in more mundane ways. Dubois’s white salary and McIntosh’s privilege are indirectly revealed in daily interactions. When Americans learned about the harmful effects of racism, many Americans sought to become “daltons” because of race. The idea was that the invisibility of race would get rid of the racially based institutional policy that existed between 1619 and 1970. shaped racism in the United States. Also, because racism was so stigmatized, many Americans were afraid to talk about race. Many people thought that not seeing a race would treat everyone equally. Cdeliberately trying to ignore race became an intentional goal of American culture.
From color blindness to race perception
However, the sudden racial taboo in American culture has not changed the racist consequences of the previous 350 years. Sociologists have responded to this new trend by pointing out the ways in which race continues to shape our daily interactions in subconscious, implicit ways.
Eduardo Bonilla-Silva, a professor at Duke University, spoke of “color blindness” in his 2001 paper. in a speech by Texas A&M. And he wrote about the consequences of implicit racism in his 2003 paper. in the book Racism without Racists. Bonilla-Silva noted that turning a blind eye to race has actually exacerbated racial inequality, as society can now appear to be benevolent, ignoring and even exacerbating inequality. Bonilla-Silva said that instead of being “color blind”, we should try to be racially conscious.
Click here for a Google form for this lesson.
1. What is the important contribution of Bonilla-Silva to race theory?
At the end of this lesson, think about the examples below and how they can allow inequality to exist if we ignore race.
In addition to the examples of implicit bias published by scholars published by the Kirwan Institute, indirect bias ignoring race is also shown in more mundane examples.
2. What color dress is Mrs. Obama wearing in this photo?
The photo with Michelle Obama was posted with the inscription that she was wearing a “body-colored” dress. Do they mean Michelle’s skin isn’t meat? I don’t think so, but that’s an example of the privilege of being white; white skin is considered normal / body color. This is just one of the many privileges of being white in a culture where white is common, desirable, or better than other “colors.” If we see society through color blindness, then we implicitly acknowledge that white skin is normal U.S. skin.
3. How are the two examples above examples of implicit racism?
Part of the privilege of being white and the implied bias of not being perceived as white is the idea of belonging. Much like Nina Davuluri, who was perceived as a non-American, here are some examples (A NY Police Lt., Harvard U. President, State Senator Obama) where Americans who are perceived as blacks are treated as independent. Sometimes they are thought not to belong to the U.S. or are not American, but in other cases they don’t belong to a more microsociological context, such as living in a particular house or neighborhood. Below are examples from 2018.
And these are just incidents reported by CNN! Without a doubt, many others. A review of this year’s news headlines shows police have been summoned by other colored people as well. But it seemed to happen mostly to blacks: blacks were just doing their own thing.
4. Have you ever called the cops for doing what was just your normal life (and not illegal)? If so, what was it? If not, are these examples surprising?
Building on and developing theories of “color blind racism,” the authors examine the process by which the news media support and affirm the devaluation of black and Spanish lives through supposedly race-neutral language, storylines, and cultural narratives. Based on an original dataset containing all news articles (n = 2,245) written about each murder victim (n = 762) in Chicago, Illinois, in 2016, the authors use multi-level models to estimate the extent of the victims ’race and neighborhood race. . the composition is associated with a level of attention or “news value” dedicated to their death. Using two indicators of news value – coverage and recognition of a “complex personality” – the authors find that victims killed in mostly black neighborhoods receive less news than those killed in non-Hispanic neighborhoods. Those killed in predominantly black or Hispanic neighborhoods will also be less frequently discussed as multi-faceted people. Our analyzes highlight the importance of the place, especially local racism, in determining which victims are considered important.
Here is another example of the coverage of different news:
Here is an excerpt from a story involving sociologist Rashawn Ray:
two sociologists recently published a study reviewing the broadcasts of insanity in the decade, and they found that sometimes racial bias sounds like this:
“It’s a tough match for JJ Redick on the glass. Redick isn’t known to have recaptured the ball. Tasmin Mitchell is much stronger, bigger and more athletic.”
“Of course, we can highlight some of these larger comments that most people would consider racist,” he says. Dr. Rashaun Raywho teaches sociology at the University of Maryland, College Park. “But what we’ve emphasized in many ways is the implied bias and subtle ways in which race actually works when it comes to talking about some of these historical stereotypes, about what it means to be black and physically superior, and at the same time intellectually inferior and, on the other hand, what it means to be lighter or white ”.
Same action, different description
Dr. Ray and his co-author, Dr. Steven Foy of the University of Texas at Rio Grande Valley, rewrote 52 men’s college basketball broadcasts, including 11 championship matches. They looked for ways broadcasters talked about players of different skin tones and whether there was racial bias.
5. How do the three examples above indirectly affect Americans who are perceived as blacks?
A wonderful example of indirect racism (and white privileges) was highlighted in a TV show What would you do? You’ll be amazed at how different the treatment of two men is. Watch this video (embedded below).
Sociology of education and school discipline
Research by Edward Morris and Brea Perry has shown that discipline at school for subjective crimes can be shaped by implicit bias. Read the summary and try to answer the question below. Please don’t hesitate. Or read it and actually try or skip the question. View their research published in the ASA Journal here or here.
6. What conclusions did the researchers draw about who is being punished in high school and why?
A girl like me
7. Where was the clear and implied bias in the video?
A police officer dilemma from the University of Colorado in Boulder
If the minorities themselves can be socialized to make their race something less desirable, it can obviously be applied to everyone in the United States. That means teachers, doctors and also police officers. However, because police officers are empowered to use lethal force, the effects of indirect bias have far more serious consequences when it comes to policing. TA study by Joshua Corell of the University of Chicago shows that unconscious bias leads to second-to-second differences among all people (not just the police) who face white or black. Soc Images explains this here. You can try the study by clicking here for a link to the game and conclusions.
In short, the conclusions are that we live in a society that teaches us all indirect bias. This includes the police and even other minorities.
To learn more about the police and bias, see
8. Do you understand how implied bias can lead to police shooting more blacks than other groups? (And this is a recognition that this is not anti-police, but just a realistic view of race in America)
Marianne Bertrand and Sendhil Mullainathan published a study of implied bias and the labor market in The American Economic Review. Are Emily and Greg more employed than Lakisha and Jamal? An experiment in labor market discrimination?
Labor market and crime
From the NY Times, When a Dissertation Makes a Difference, it shows not only how unconscious bias can affect the recruitment of the most unequal ways, but also how sociology can influence politics.
As a graduate student at the University of Wisconsin, Devah Pager examined the difficulties of former prisoners trying to find work and came to a worrying conclusion: it is easier for a white person convicted of a serious crime to get a job than a black person with clean records.
9. What evidence is there that implicit bias makes it harder for Americans who are considered black to get a job than Americans who are considered white?
Finally, this video is called Tongue slipping uses slemo’s poetry to find out how strong one girl is to accept her identity without succumbing to public pressure to change who it is.
For more information on implied bias:
These subtle cases of racism are sometimes referred to as “micro-aggression”.
Look at the chart above and find the microaggression (from the middle column) you told or told you. What topic does it fall into? What message is she sending?
And here are some of the perks associated with Christmas.
